China's foreign trade should be repositioned under the global value chain
"At the moment on the basis of trade volume of traditional trade statistics, greatly exaggerated export's contribution to China's economic growth, at the same time, exaggerating the phenomenon of China's trade surplus. Should use the method to calculate global value chain of a country's foreign trade surplus." Recently, held in tsinghua university's global value chain and economic structure adjustment at the international conference, the global value chain research, Chinese academy of sciences, the added value of the global value chain and trade accounting report released the results.
If according to the way of global value chain and added value of trade, China's trade surplus is too large for a long time, the foreign trade to domestic economic growth and pull function on the employment dispute will have new understanding of the important problem.
Respectively, china-eu trade surplus of China and the United States to overstate twice more than two times or close to
Report points out that unit of low content of the added value of exports, especially driving role in the export processing added value to our country than in export processing is weak. Encourage processing trade in our country though various measures to accelerate the process of the internationalization, but limited to domestic economic growth. According to preliminary estimates, the export unit of value added content is low, every $1000 of 2010, China's exports bring home the added value of $615 only. In 2010 China's total exports of goods and services of $1.749 trillion, about 29.5% of GDP. But exports of domestic value added of just $1.0756 trillion, accounting for 18.1% of the GDP in our country. In 2011 China's $1000 export can bring the added value of $618, a slight increase over 2010. The added value of an iphone, for example, according to the calculation method, earned $360 in the United States, South Korea and Japan to earn $46.46, our gross margins earned only $6.54. This is researchers on an iphone "added value" to disassemble. Divisions, agriculture, service industry and manufacturing unit of traditional industries such as textile and garment, furniture export of domestic value-added content is higher, and high-tech products such as machinery manufacturing products and petrochemical products to export domestic value-added content is low.
Research shows that in terms of added value of China's trade surplus, trade surplus, China and India trade surplus dropped significantly, while the trade deficit between China and Japan have widened. China - asean trade deficit in the trade between the added value of calculation, is transformed into a trade surplus. Report, china-eu trade surplus of China and the United States, for example, in 2010 and 2011, with total gross of China's trade surplus with the us $181.2 billion and $202.4 billion, and is calculated by added value to China's trade surplus dropped to $79.4 billion and $92.8 billion, by 56% and 56% respectively. China-eu trade surplus in GDP of $142.8 billion and $144.8 billion respectively, with the added value of business accounting of the trade surplus is reduced to $80.6 billion and $80.3 billion respectively, fell by 44% and 44% respectively.
That means respectively have been exaggerated, china-eu trade surplus of China and the United States more than two times or close to twice as much.
Present era of globalization international trade accounting system has a problem
Research shows that China's export processing export proportion bigger, contain low amounts of the added value of exports is an important reason.
Research shows that in terms of added value of China's trade surplus, trade surplus, China and India trade surplus dropped significantly, while the trade deficit between China and Japan have widened. China - asean trade deficit in the trade between the added value of calculation, is transformed into a trade surplus. Report, china-eu trade surplus of China and the United States, for example, in 2010 and 2011, with total gross of China's trade surplus with the us $181.2 billion and $202.4 billion, and is calculated by added value to China's trade surplus dropped to $79.4 billion and $92.8 billion, by 56% and 56% respectively. China-eu trade surplus in GDP of $142.8 billion and $144.8 billion respectively, with the added value of business accounting of the trade surplus is reduced to $80.6 billion and $80.3 billion respectively, fell by 44% and 44% respectively.
That means respectively have been exaggerated, china-eu trade surplus of China and the United States more than two times or close to twice as much.
Present era of globalization international trade accounting system has a problem
Research shows that China's export processing export proportion bigger, contain low amounts of the added value of exports is an important reason.
Shen Danyang, spokesman for China's ministry of commerce has said the current international trade statistics is the product of all exports accounted for as to the final machining process in host countries, and China's processing trade, export volume is bigger, whether product intermediates and raw materials come from which country, finally to China processing, export all recorded in China.
, he said, "this kind of statistical method did not eliminate the appreciation of other countries for this product, lead to the final exporter exports have been greatly overestimated."
Association for relations across the Taiwan strait President Chen said that the global trade size changed, increasingly flat world production, product manufacturing process of increasingly mature, which changes the traditional trade in goods to trade in tasks, by made in China into the world. Traditionally in close condition, therefore, preliminary calculation of the total cost of the export commodities international trade statistics defects appear, the old concept of surplus and deficit cannot faithfully pattern of interests between trading partners, it provides an excuse for propagation of trade protectionism.
"Global value chain" proposed, provides an opportunity for new trade accounting method.
Concept of "global value chain" by the world trade organization (wto), the organisation for economic co-operation and development, and put forward such as unctad, with global trade statistics, trade value-added way aimed at reduction under the economic globalization and international division of labor
The pattern of international trade, accurately reflect the national benefit in the global trade.
"The value chain and trade conflict to understanding today's world economy is very important." The world trade organization director-general PASCAL lamy said.
The emergence of "global value chain, for developed countries and developing countries has created the huge economic growth and development opportunities. The global value chain to maximize competitive advantage, optimize the allocation of resources." The organization for economic cooperation and development secretary general angel gurria said in a statement.
Chen deming said that under the global value chain, the formation process of final goods and services, from raw material processing to finished product to form the division of labor, coordination, logistics management, value creation, including r&d, design, production, manufacturing, marketing and so on, has formed an orderly and cohesion of the chain relationship each other. Every link is a process of value creation and profit distribution.
"From the perspective of global value chain research economy structure adjustment problems, help to objectively understanding the national economic structure and the trade balance, the industry's position in the global value chain, the share of employment distribution; and also help against all forms of protectionism, maintain the order of free trade." Vice minister of commerce wang chao said.
Plan China new layout in the global value chain
Mr. Chen said, from the status quo and development trend of global value chain, more proactive planning itself in the global value chain pattern in our country, the comprehensive competing in the international cooperation, and strive to achieve to open andpromote reform, promoting development, and innovation of the target is feasible. Do this, must promote industrial upgrading and transformation of development mode of foreign trade.